Corporate Responsibility – Starbucks

How does Starbucks’ policy of corporate social responsibility impact the company’s bottom line? According to Porter and Kramer (2006), â€Å"Proponents of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), use four arguments, moral obligation, sustainability, license to operate, and reputation as justification for implementing CSR programs and practices (p. 3). Moral obligation is the duty to be a good citizen and do the right (socially responsible) thing. Sustainability requires responsibility managing both environmental and community needs, by meeting the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.License to operate, every company needs permission from governments, communities and stakeholders to do business and reputation, to ones improve image, strength in brand, increase morale, and raise the value of stock (Porter, 2006). Based on the video â€Å"Starbucks Corporation: Serving more than coffee†, (McGraw Hill, 2011), Starb ucks follows the four Porter points quite closely, and these efforts have had a positive impact on the financial standing and public perception of the company.Starbucks spokesperson, Sue Mecklenberg states â€Å"Social responsibility is a boost to financial well being† (2011). Through the implementation of â€Å"Eco-efficiency†, the company is able to reduce waste and utility costs for water and gas. Additionally, Starbucks offers their employees, referred to as partners, good benefits that include health plans and stock options. These, in turn help to create partner loyalty to the company, leading to low turnover, which helps Starbucks to lower recruiting and training cost.Additionally, the Starbucks customer base appears to be motivated to frequent Starbucks based on their CSR, and also helps to attract socially conscious investors. Corporate social responsibility is also a valuable tool to report and communicate back to company stake holders, what the company is doi ng, and provides accountability by which metrics can be used to measure and monitor progress on these fronts. As Starbucks continues its global expansion, what must it do to ensure that the company maintains its socially conscious focus?Corporate social responsibility encompasses all aspects of the business provides a view into the heart of an organization. In referring to CSR, Sue Mecklenberg quotes the Starbucks CEO as saying, â€Å"We need to hit numbers and live values†, because CRS is no long simply writing a check to a foundation (McGraw Hill, 2011). To effectively maintain the CSR commitment, Starbucks must continue to evolve and improve partner and customer satisfaction, while aligning the business with the mission and guiding principles.This is evident in the way Starbucks encourages and supports those partners who contribution to non-profit organizations, such as â€Å"Make Your Mark†, where Starbucks contributes ten dollars per hour, per hour volunteered by a Starbucks partner. Additionally, on a global scale, Starbucks assures coffee farmers get fair wages, fair prices and maintain good social conditions for their employees. Schools and hospitals are funded for coffee producers who meet social and environmental criteria.In an effort to further monitor vendors, Starbuck is working to develop â€Å"real-time† updates of supply chain information, as well as an information pipeline for awareness and to manage social conditions at the vendors level (McGraw Hill, 2011). As Starbucks expands globally, management must continue to do the things they do so well with the current CRS program. However, to ensure the same responsibility as the company expands, it must have continuous improvement plan in place that is forward looking for both new ways to benefit employees, business partners, community and nations in which it does business.References Porter, M. E. , & Kramer, M. R. (2006). The link between competitive advantage and corporate s ocial responsibility. Harvard business review, 84(12), 78-92. McGraw Hill (2011). Starbucks Corporation: Serving more than coffee [Video recording] Retrieved October from 30, 2012 from https://blackboard. cmich. edu/webapps/portal/frameset. jsp? tab_tab_group_id=_2_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_58229_1%26url%3D

Children Aging Out Of The Foster Care System - 1615 Words

Imagine growing up without a family, moving constantly and never having a permanent home. Envision being taken away from an abusive parent and left to survive in foster care for an undefined period of time. Think about lingering within the system for years and suddenly loosing any kind of aid at the age of eighteen. This is a reality for thousands of children in America’s foster care system. There are kids that are searching for a home and family -- and many of them never get one. These youths are all hoping and wishing for a permanent place to go back to. The number of children aging out of the foster care system annually is a serious problem because many children leave foster care without support and suffer consequences in their adult life that could have been avoided if they had been adopted. Millions of children are living without parents around the world and they need help. Over 153 million youths around the world are without one or both parents, and 7 million of them ar e in institutional care (qtd. in â€Å"Children’s Statistics†). Worldwide, minors are suffering from living without a family and a stable relief system. International adoption, although often in the limelight, is on a slight decline and domestic adoption is increasing. Despite the fact that the percentage of people considering any form of adoption has decreased from 2007 to 2013, the percentage of foster care adoptions has experienced more growth than international and private adoptions (â€Å"BAAF AdoptionShow MoreRelatedEssay about Youth in Foster Care Populations At Risk1040 Words   |  5 Pageschosen was the youth aging-out of foster care. By calling it age-out I’m referring to it as occurring both before and after leaving foster care. Nationally, there are 20,000 youth in foster care who are at the aging out of foster care. Generally, these children has been abused or neglected. There are those who feel as if foster care can have some type of impact on this particular lifestyle for these youth adults aging out of this care. Some feel that there may be some foster care homes that may possiblyRead MoreAging Out of the Foster Care System1281 Words   |  5 Pagesclose to 25,000 youth age out of the foster care system and are faced with cold hard realities of adulthood. This does not include the youth who leave the system, which is estimated to be another 30,000. Most adolescents anticipate their eighteenth birthday, as it brings on a new found sense of independence and most importantly a time of celebration. However when foster children reach eighteen, they begin facing the challenges of transitioning to adulthood. These children disproportionately joinRead MoreChild Maltreatment And The Child Welfare System Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Foster care is defined as an out of home placement outside of the biological family. Individuals are placed in foster care due to some form of child maltreatment, rather it be sexual abuse, neglect, and/or physical abuse. Adolescents who age out of the foster care system are between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years old who are still in the child welfare system and have not been adopted. Aging out of the foster care systems means that adolescents currently in the child welfareRead MoreEffects Of Being A Foster Child1155 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Being a Foster Child 1 Effects of Being a Foster Child Ashleigh Martinez Arapahoe Community College â€Æ' Effects of Being a Foster Child 2 Abstract Foster care is designed to be a temporary living situation until a permanent home is available. Although there are positives of foster care, there can be negatives as well. It is important to be cognizant of both in order to prevent the potential harmful outcomes of foster care, and to make it a more beneficial experienceRead MoreFoster Care Act Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Insurance for Former Foster Youth Act (S.1797). This federal level proposed law is intended to secure access to health care for youth who have aged out of foster care and did not have health coverage. The law requires the state to ensure insurance continuity for foster youth who move to one of the 37 states that do not now permit Medicaid benefits to travel to that state and remove the eligibility restriction tied to residency in Medicaid coverage to youth who age out in another state. BeforeRead MoreLGBT Adoption Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesLGBT Adoption â€Å" There are approximately 100,000 children and/ or adolescents who are in the Child Welfare System waiting to be put into foster care or be adopted† (Kreisher). The number of children living with 1 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender (LGBT) parent today ranges from six to fourteen million children or adolescents. Adoption is to take into one’s family legally and raise as one’s own child. Although adoption is first spoken of in the Bible, the first recorded adoption takes placeRead MoreA Link Between Foster Care Placement During Childhood And Adult Delinquency1348 Words   |  6 Pagesconducted in Sweden has shown a link between foster care placement during childhood and adult criminality. Two groups were identified, a control group and a treatment group. The control group consisted of individuals that were the same age and gender of the treatment group. The results showed that foster care predicts higher adult criminality for males first placed during adolescence (ages 13–18). No significant association for boys who were placed in foster care before age 13 and no significant associationRead MoreMental Health Is The Overall Psychological And The Emotional Well Being Of Any Individual1472 Words   |  6 Pagesis someone that can adjust to the emotional and behavioral requirements of stress and conflicts that are associated in daily living. According to Eliza beth Ahmann there is over â€Å"400,000 children are in foster care in the United States, and more than 100,000 of them are waiting to be adopted† (Ahmann p. 1). Foster home placement is associated with stress and disruptions in attachment relationships. These losses undermine a child’s attempt to form a secure attachment with a primary caregiver. JohnRead MoreThe Transition From Foster Care1757 Words   |  8 PagesAs of today, approximately 415,000 children are in the foster care system within the United States of America, and about 22,000 teenagers age out of the system, without any assistance, or any financial support (AFCARS 2015). Without guidance, it is more than likely for a teenager to turn to selling drugs, prostitution, or other criminal activities to provide for their basic necessities. Research has shown that those who leave foster care without any stability, have a higher probability to face prisonRead MoreThe Aspects Of Teens And The Aging Out Proces s Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction This literature review will cover the aspects of teens and the aging out process. When children in the system are provided with care. Over time they are usually adopted, or live in a foster home. Leaving the adolescence stage, and now transitioning to a teen it becomes somewhat more difficult to place the child. There are instances where the teen is not placed in a family. In a continuing cycle while in the child services system. Once the teen turns 18, they are considered an adult. No longer being

Essay on The Jungle - 586 Words

The Jungle In Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle not only symbolized an era where dirt and filth ran rampant in meat packing industry, but it also exposed people to the natural human desire of greed, power, and corruptions. This in turn was a socialist transformation itself. Sinclair also provides the meaning to the phrase â€Å"wage slavery† in different ways. In the novel Sinclair tells a story about a man name Jurgis, a Lithuanian immigrant who gets married to young lady named Ona Lukoszaite, who’s also a Lithuanian immigrant. At the wedding there are saloon-keepers who cheats the family on liquor and beer, claiming that the guests consumed more than they actually did. Since the family had enough sense not to argue with†¦show more content†¦Marija, family member of Jurgis gets paid almost two dollars a day. His job is to sweep the guts through trap doors on the floor of the â€Å"killing beds† where cattle were slaughtered . If a worker is one min late, he loses and hour’s pay, twenty minutes late he loses his job. The basic goal of Socialism are â€Å"common ownership and democratic management of the means of producing the necessities of life.† Jurgis receives half of his wage and the rest of the money goes to capitalists. Jurgis and his family came to the America’s to find a better wa y of living and gave into the false myth that America is the land of the free and opportunity. He and his family thought that hard work and commitment to good social values will win them success. Sinclair writes this to show the betrayal of American society. Jurgis responded to this situation by saying â€Å"I will work harder†. He persuaded the American people that many regarded with suspicion and hostility. Sinclair makes readers sympathize with their social values by emphasizing the fact that theyShow MoreRelated The Jungle1075 Words   |  5 Pages The Jungle Essay nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Jungle, by Upton Sinclair, clearly depicts the socio-economic strife and political turpitude that ushered America into the 20th century. While telling the story of Lithuanian immigrants struggling to survive in Chicago, Sinclair illustrates how avarice and ruthless competition were driving forces in the exploitational predatory capitalist  ³jungle ² of American  ³society ² at the turn of the century. This radical novel, described as muckraking by PresidentRead MoreThe Jungle1982 Words   |  8 PagesRunning Head: THE JUNGLE The Jungle [Writer Name] [Institute Name] The Jungle Thesis Statement In this novel Upton Sinclair shows the problems of working class people. His believe in and contempt for capitalism as described in this story â€Å"The Jungle†. The writer explains capitalism in which the labor communities were treated very badly and to survive in the conditions of poverty. The novel rotates around the family of a character Jurgis Rudkus who have immigrated to America from Lithuania. AsRead MoreThe Jungle Analysis1641 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption, lies, adultery, politics, and death are all topics addressed in Upton Sinclair’s 1906 novel The Jungle. The book reveals the atrocities that occurred during the early 1900’s in Chicago’s cruel and disgusting meatpacking district. The Jungle chronicles the struggle of a Lithuanian family that came to America with dreams of making their riches and passing it on to their descendants. Analysis of the novel reveals a recurring theme of how desperation makes people do horrible things such asRead More The Jungle Essay774 Words   |  4 Pages The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclairs The Jungle is the tale of a Lithuanian immigrant, Jurgis Rudkus, and his family. Jurgis and his family move to the United States in the middle of the Industrial Revolution, only to find themselves ill-equipped for the transition in the workplace and in society in general. Jurgis faces countless social injustices, and through a series of such interactions, the theme of the book is revealed: the support of socialism over capitalism as an economic andRead MoreEssay On The Jungle Of Mystery751 Words   |  4 PagesDrew Meyer Taler’s Adventure Once upon a time, there was a tiger named Taler who lived in the Jungle of Mystery. The Jungle of Mystery has flowers of many colors. Taler really liked the blue flowers that grew alongside the cliff. That cliff looked over the waterfall. Her sister, Tara, said, â€Å"Now Taler, do not go near that cliff.† Taler heard what her sister said, but she did it anyway, and everyday Taler would get closer and closer to the edge of the cliff. â€Å"Now Taler, do not go near that cliffRead MoreThe Irony of the Jungle1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe Irony of The Jungle Between 1870 and 1900 Chicago grew from a population of 299,000 to almost 1.7 million, the fastest-growing city ever at the time. This surge in population was largely attributed to immigrants coming from European countries seeking a chance for employment and new freedoms associated with moving to the United States at the time. 1905, in particular, was a historic year when a surge of over 1 million immigrants came to the city. During this time, author Upton SinclairRead MoreDisillusionment In The Jungle1399 Words   |  6 PagesIn the politically righteous book, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, a newly wed’s feeling of innocence and happiness after their beautiful wedding in their homeland come to an end following the reality of discovering their new life in America. The notion comes from the disillusionment of American freedom and the twisted advertisement of a capitalist system. America was systematically built to be corrupt and dehumanized the significance of individual existence. This was done by easily replacing, deceivingRead MoreThe Jungle Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe Jungle Throughout Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, the inhumane and disgusting treatment the working men and women was shown to the eyes of the American people. Although what the book is most recognized for is creating the Pure Food and Drug Act, an act that gave consumers protection from dangerous and impure foods, the many various horrors the lower working class had to go through was something that deserved more recognition. Upton Sinclair’s novel, The Jungle, gives an insight on howRead More the jungle Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesSinclair found the setting of the book that would bring him to fame. He first won recognition by the jungle in 1906. This book is a powerful realistic study of social conditions in the stockyards and packing plants of Chicago. It aided in the passing of pure food laws. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This novel illustrates how greed and ruthless competition has made the turn of the century into a ruthless jungle. â€Å"Take or be Taken† was the guiding rule, and everyone was someone else’s prey. The meatpackingRead More The Jungle Essay478 Words   |  2 Pages The Jungle By: Upton Sinclair The story opens with the feast at Jurgis and Ona’s wedding in America, but soon flashes back to the time before they left Lithuania. Jurgis met Ona at a horse fair, and fell in love with her. Unfortunately, they were too poor to have a wedding, since Ona’s father just died. In the hopes of finding freedom and fortune, they left for America, bringing many members of Ona’s family with them. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During time in America, Jurgis and his wife

The Holocaust Of World War II - 1879 Words

By the time 1945 was coming to an end, the horrors of World War II were only just revealed to the public eye. Racial and religious discrimination was at an all-time high and was the primary reason for the emergence of the Holocaust. Religious bigotry against Jews was the focal point for the Holocaust. Around 6 million Jewish people were killed by the Nazis of Germany through warfare, forced labor, concentration camps, and also mass executions and kill-on-sight orders. Countless of others within the Jewish community that had survived the Holocaust were all permanently changed mentally and physically. Philosophers who have studied the war have classified survivors into 4 major categories: victims, fighters, numbs, and the ones-who-made-it. The first category is a universal category for not just Jewish survivors, but for everyone involved in the War. Everybody had lost something. Everyone was a victim. The experience of the Holocaust on survivors had left mental and physical alterations on the minds of the other three survivor categories, which carried on into future generations. For the first category of Holocaust survivors, the most strong willed survivors, were the ones who rebelled, the ones who fought. These were a wide variety of people, some coming from concentration camps and some who even fought against the Nazis themselves. For those who survived in the camps, they survived merely off pure determination to not allow themselves to be affected by the harsh torture andShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust Of The World War II1123 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as wars; however, during World War II, millions of people were treated less than human, forced into labor and killed on sight. Others were given a swift death by a bullet to the head while others died of starvation and disease. What makes this treatment of human even worse is how the Jewish people were targeted. Killing a specific group of people is called Genocide. A crime known to the U.N. as the worst crime a h uman can do. People in Europe in 1939 to 1945 were in terror due to war. Jews onRead MoreThe Holocaust : The World War II890 Words   |  4 Pagessaid The Holocaust illustrates the consequences of prejudice, racism and stereotyping on a society. It forces us to examine the responsibilities of citizenship and confront the powerful ramifications of indifference and inaction(Holden). Holden’s quote has a specific point that is incredibly important which is confronting the consequences of inaction. Anger and revulsion can arise from a variety of epicenters, but one that undoubtedly protrudes is Adolf Hitler throughout World War II. InactionRead MoreThe Holocaust : The World War II1356 Words   |  6 Pages The Holocaust Introduction World War II claimed around 60 million lives in the time from 1941 to 1945. Amazingly, upwards of fourteen percent of these lives were not victims of the largest war ever waged, but their lives were lost in the tragic genocide know as the Holocaust. The Nazis carried out this atrocity and they planed to kill anyone who was not apart of what was considered to be the master race. All those of non-Arian backgrounds were to be killed and the majority of the people executedRead MoreWorld War II : The Holocaust1156 Words   |  5 Pages World War II is know for the horrific Holocaust and all the painful treatment and torture the Jews had to endure, but life before the Holocaust was not all that great for the Jewish citizens of Germany. There was much discrimination and hatred towards the Jews during that time, and there were many events that happened before the Holocaust, and many of those events were part Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi s plan that would lead up to the horrible gen ocide, known as the Holocaust. KristallnachtRead MoreThe Holocaust Of The World War II879 Words   |  4 PagesElie Wiesel Says.. Nowadays, people tend to forget the morality of human beings. For instance, the people in today’s world are attracted to greed or power letting their mind and body rot them. However, are we doing a right in letting people like that win? It might not seem much or anything, but as history has shown us otherwise with World War II. Like letting a tyrant leader like Adolf Hitler take over different countries and bring in what is believed the most horrific discrimination ever known.Read MoreWorld War II And The Holocaust940 Words   |  4 Pageser the war, as the years went on the Jewish population in Palestine grew tremendously. The growth created a lot of violence between Jews and Arabic’s. This violence ultimately led to Britain to make a big decision on the future of Palestine. This with the fueling of World War II and the Holocaust caused international support for Zionism. So, in 1948 they established official declaration of the State of Israel (Cohen, 2003; Levin, 1974 .) David Ben-Gurion, who was the head of the Jewish Agency, helpRead MoreWorld War II and The Holocaust Essay580 Words   |  3 PagesYou learn about War World II and the Holocaust in history every year, but do you really understand why? We often stop learning about the war after Peral Harbor because that is when the U.S. got involved. But there is more to War World II than just Pearl Harbor. The Holocaust all started with a man named Adolf Hitler. Reserach shows that Adolf had a bad childhood. As most boys he wanted to make his father proud, but when he applied for art school his father was not pleased. Even knowing his fatherRead MoreThe Holocaust : The World War II1247 Words   |  5 Pages World War 2 brought upon a time of disappointment and the Jewish purgatory. This event caused millions of death to innocent people and disgrace to many Jewish families. This time period was ruled by the powerful leader of the Nazis as they were know for. He was the chancellor of Germany, he was Adolf Hitler he was known as the greatest leader to all the Nazi’s party. Hitler came into power in the year of 1933. This Nazi’s party planned to exterminate all the Jewish. This event was called the â€Å"FinalRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holocaust was an event that took place from 1933 to 1945 in Germany. During this time, Adolf Hitler was in charge, resulting in the prejudice actions that are well written in history. Facing economic, social, and political oppression, thousands of German Jews wanted to flee, but found few countries wanting to take them in. Eventually, under Hitler’s leadership, some 6 million Jews were murder ed during World War II. In this time period the Nazi’s waged a war against the Jews and other races thatRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1356 Words   |  6 PagesDuring World War II, the world witnessed unspeakable acts of violence, particularly that of the Holocaust. The Holocaust was a mass genocide primarily of, but not limited to, the Jewish population in Germany, and other countries that were controlled by Germany. From 1941 to 1945, the Jews were targeted and methodically murdered because of Hitler’s views of his Utopian society made up of an Aryan a race. Hitler fought to create this society through creating an anti-Semitic movement, his motivation

Organizational Learning and Design

Question: Write an essay of 1500 words outlining the importance of building knowledge capital in order to gain competitive advantage.It explores how knowledge resources can be grown in order to gain sustainable competitive advantage. How they pertain to future managers, then compare and contrast these insights Answer: This essay will compare and contrast the insights associated with knowledge management and holistic theory of knowledge in adult learning. According to the author Lubit (2001) the inputs to sustainable competitive advantage are implicit knowledge and the knowledge management (LUBIT, 2001). He explored how organizations can best develop their data resources to construct a competitive advantage along with sustainable competitive advantage. His research has also illustrated the significance of knowledge building to obtain competitive advantage. He also mentioned that how the knowledge sources can be developed to acquire sustainable competitive advantage. The point of his argument is that continuous competitive advantage can only be accomplished by promoting implicit knowledge, which is a compilation of experiences, practices, individuals or group experiences in an organization. He has mentioned that to obtain tenable competitive advantage organizations should have the capability to deve lop innovative ideas and cultivate the type of knowledge which cannot be simply copied by the competitors. The implicit knowledge can be used in common with others in an organization in different ways, for instance obtaining mentors guidance, having immense connections of people with equal interests and learning and recording from past works (Awad and Ghaziri, 2004). Better management of implicit knowledge can be obtained by having a culture that involved knowledge sharing and by supporting personnel to speak out and even oppose with superiors. The author has also enquired whether the tacit knowledge and knowledge management is linked with the workplace experience. He has enquired whether workplace relies simply on precise knowledge in terms of guidelines and procedure to compete in the industry; whether the administrative center have mentors who guide workers and assist them initiate new innovations and ideas; whether an appropriate mechanism is present to direct implicit knowledge throughout the organization and whether the workers are compensated for innovation and brainstorming and whether the staff are confronted when they oppose the suggestions of the superiors. The author has mentioned that having complicated knowledge management department is of utmost importance (Dubey, Goel and Sahu, 2013). Innovative technologies show considerable challenges but can also generate overload of information. Including effective systems to discover specialists and acquire helpful knowledge are important to efficient knowledge management. Particularly trained managers associated with knowledge management in association with the experts within an offered field are required to assist catalogue, record and guide knowledge in data banks in a mode that makes the process readily available to those individuals who can get profit from it. Knowledge librarians can assist individuals find data they require that is stored within the databases or maintained by the individual somewher e else within the firm. The knowledge map creation can assist challenges to search experts on the particular subject of interest (Thompson, Jensen and DeTienne, 2009). The author has mentioned that it is not only important to support individual to record knowledge and search for recorded knowledge. Individual should catalogue knowledge in a manner which makes the thing possible for those people who search for instruction to be proficient to locate the data gathered in databases and also to recognize the specialists who have that information, expertise and ideas they search for. The integration of innovative knowledge ad practices should be rewarded and measured and maintained by the civilization and identified by the endorsement decisions (Dubey, Goel and Sahu, 2013). With no such attention to the integration of knowledge, individuals within the organization are probable to learn instruction but after that fail to alter their behavior in advantageous ways. The cultural development, human resources and organizational design promoting the knowledge application and sharing is considered as a complicated endeavor. However, the rewards in the context of constructing a continuing competitive benefit are also terrifying. The efforts of knowledge management of most of the companies have restricted effectiveness. Mostly organizations too often establish electronic knowledge transfer means and storage is considered as the initiation and end of an organizations effort to management of knowledge. Consequently, individual who go ahead of the fundamental stages and improve the organizational capabilities and culture required for promoting exceptional management of knowledge will include a tenable competitive advantage. For tenable knowledge to become a central proficiency for an organization and mot merely the knowledge of a little group of specialists, organizations should make attempts to extend the knowledge. The managers should be taught the way to guide those individuals who they supervise and should be inspired to do the same by the organizations measurement, culture, reward system and role modeling and statements of higher management. Companies can further promote the tacit knowledge transfer by assigning resources to improve learning histories (Awad and Ghaziri, 2004). The designing of the work groups also influences knowledge transfer. Working in groups that have swift access to the subject matter specialists could be very cooperative in transferring both tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Being a part of an organization this article will definitely help. Initially it has been seen that the organizations offer explicit knowledge only during first few months of joining, but tacit knowl edge within such situations can merely be obtained by being practical. The fresher should not hide or recoil from enquiring queries from the trainer and the seniors of the organization. As soon as the fresher starts getting experiences they increase their contacts and networks, make contacts with other members of other departments and commonly take few months to add up of whole series of operations being performed within the company. The gradual experience and networking in an organization assist an individual to construct a reputation of being an expertise in managing difficult grievances. On the other hand, the article by Yang (2003) stated a holistic Theory of Knowledge and adult learning (Yang, 2003). This article illustrates a holistic knowledge based theory and adult learning. The theory speculates that knowledge comprises three invisible aspects and each and every aspect comprises three layers, these are foundation, orientation and manifestation. The holistic theory necessitates a dialectical point of view regarding the active associations among these three factors to understand adult learning in a better way. The authors point is that the areas of adult learning, facilitating learning for organizations and individuals and human resource development learning is one of the main role for the human resource development personnel. Yang has reviewed already existing literature and nicely compared with each other on the holistic theory of knowledge and adult learning. He has made a theoretical framework of learning and knowledge to support the related concepts and char acterized the three knowledge aspects (Thompson, Jensen and DeTienne, 2009). He has also illustrated the complexities associated with these three knowledge aspects; also linked learning as active interactions among the knowledge aspects. Yangs illustration helped individuals of organizations to correlate with their respective personal lives. His illustration focused on obtaining knowledge from experienced based learning. It is said that knowledge is solely derived from experience and the relationship between the knowledge and experience are optional or astrict in nature. It is also mentioned that the HR managers should support the staff to understand the fundamental cause of a problem and find out solutions which should have a long term effect. It is the HR managers responsibility to understand the importance of theorization and also make the concept understandable to the employee at the organizational and group level in order to explore the efficient ways of organizational learning and knowledge management. So to conclude, it needs to be mentioned that the two pro-forma are based on the two selected articles one on organizational dynamics and the other one on human resource development. Both have included the importance of knowledge, experience and knowledge management which are the essential part of an organization to successfully run in todays market. Both the articles have intended to help the HR managers or the practitioners so that they can apply the awareness from the articles to develop organizational learning or lead to organizational change. The different is that two papers have been structured in two different perceptions one based on experience based learning and the other structured the holistic theory of knowledge and adult learning. It is particularly highlighted that learning is the key concept in the area of human resource development, adult education and also facilitating learning for organizations and individuals is the main function for the human resource management p ersonnel. One article mentions the importance of theorization that needs to be implemented and followed for organizational development and the other article mentions the importance of tacit knowledge and knowledge management. The article by Yang has illustrated each and individual factors that are associated with knowledge and proper criteria of building theories. And the article by Lubit has mentioned the importance of knowledge management within an organization. This essay has systematically compared and contrasted the insights associated with knowledge management and holistic theory of knowledge in adult learning. References Awad, E. and Ghaziri, H. (2004).Knowledge management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Dubey, A., Goel, G. and Sahu, G. (2013). Effective implementation of competitive advantage and sustainable competitive advantage: a conceptual model.IJBIR, 7(5), p.519. LUBIT, R. (2001). Tacit Knowledge and Knowledge Management: The Keys to Sustainable Competitive Advantage.Organizational Dynamics, 29(4), pp.164178. Thompson, M., Jensen, R. and DeTienne, K. (2009). Engaging embedded information.Competitiveness Review, 19(4), pp.323-341. Yang, B. (2003). Toward a Holistic Theory of Knowledge and Adult Learning.Human Resource Development Review, 2(2), pp.106-129.

Instruction Manual How to Apply Kinesio Tape®

The Kinesio Taping Method is a procedure based on the natural healing process of the body. This method was invented about two decades ago by Dr. Kenzo Kase (Japanese chiropractor) and has turned out to be the most preferred form of therapeutic rehabilitation (Knight 1). Kinesio taping has attained popularity among ATCs, DCs, PTs, MDs and MTs because it is efficient and easy to use.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Instruction Manual: How to Apply Kinesio Tape ® specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This method is most suitable for a wide range of ailments including foot pain and headaches. Majority of athletes prefer to use Kinesio Taping to stabilize and support their muscles without affecting blood circulation and other body motions. In addition, it is used for pain management, edema and other preventive maintenance. One of the major benefits of Kinesio Taping is that it activates circulatory and neurological syste ms. Kinesio Taping is commonly referred to as Kinesio because it originated from the science of human movement (OPTP 1). Traditional athletic taping is formulated to limit the movement of the injured joints and muscles since numerous layers of tape are rolled over the injured area thereby hindering the natural flow of body fluids such as blood. On the contrary, Kinesio Tape ® is based on a unique principle that permits the afflicted area to move so as to allow the natural healing process to take place (OPTP 2). Majority of athletes suffer from low back strain. Kinesio taping is very effective in alleviating this type of pain. There are four steps you can use to apply Kinesio tape to alleviate low back strain (Roizman 1). Step 1: Lay the individual in an upright (neutral) position. Determine the length of the muscles on either sides of the spine (from the pinnacle of the lumbar spine to the summit of the sacrum). Slice two strips that match this length. Step 2: Take off the paper backing of one of the tape strips and append the last part of the tape strip to one side of the spine. Make sure that it is at the same level with the triangular bone at the foundation of the spine. Step 3: Fasten the strip at the initial point on the sacrum. Grasp the unapplied part of the strip. Ask the person to bend about 45 degrees forward at the waist. Step 4: Append the remaining part of the tape strip on the spine. Remember that the strip should not be stretched any further during this process. Follow these four steps to apply the second tape strip on the second part of the spine. There are important things you need to take into consideration before you apply Kinesio tape. First of all, you will need Kinesio ® Pro Scissors and some latex Kinesio tapes (any color will suit). Second, a trained person or preferably a doctor should carry out the procedure. Third, the skin (the area where the strip will be appended) should be dry, clean as well as free of lotions, oil and swea t. After the Kinesio Tape has been appended, the afflicted area (the back) should be rubbed energetically (for approximately 20 seconds) in order to stimulate the adhesive.Advertising Looking for essay on alternative medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Afterwards, the individual can rest for one hour before swimming or taking a bath to permit the glue to stick appropriately. It is worthy to mention that Kinesio Tape is designed not to cause skin irritation. Nonetheless, if a skin irritation occurs, a semi-waterproof Kinesio Tape ® can be applied (if the individual has a hypersensitive skin). Also note that the Kinesio Tape should not be over-stretched because it can also lead to skin irritation (Roizman 4). Kinesio Taping technique has numerous benefits. As a matter of fact, many specialists recommend it as an effective remedy for muscle pain, shoulder conditions, carpal tunnel syndrome, groin injury, hamstring, ankle sprains and lower back strain. Kinesio taping is so popular nowadays such that a good number of notable athletes including Tiger woods, Lauren Wenger, David Beckham, Lance Armstrong, Ari Taub and Kerri Walsh prefer to use it over other traditional tapping methods (Icles 2). This is attributed to the fact traditional tapping methods are developed to confine movement in the afflicted areas. This is one of the reasons they are used by athletes during competition and removed when the activity ends. On the contrary, Kinesio Tape can be used even after the competition is over because they are water-proof and elastic. As of now, Kinesio taping techniques is the most effective remedy for a wide range of ailments (Icles 3). Other benefits associated with Kinesio tapping technique include: It is pocket-friendly because a single roll of it can be employed for approximately ten applications on the basis of what part of the body requires protection. Kinesio taping can be used for approximately five days (highly usable). It has water-proof properties. An individual can bathe or swim while wearing it. Kinesio taping is not only sensitive to heat but also is acrylic-adhesive. The texture of Kinesio Tape ® bears similar attributes to that of human skin It is very elastic, latex-free and manufactured entirely using cotton Kinesio taping method is currently receiving numerous praise from different people around the world particularly sportsmen/sportswomen who are regularly susceptible to muscular damages as a result of strain. This technique is undoubtedly an innovative way to alleviate pain and other ailments and will remain the preferred method of relieving/alleviating pain for a long time to come. Nonetheless, Kinesio taping method is effective if the procedure is administered by a qualified person (Icles 4). Works Cited Icles, Bart. What Are the Benefits of the Kinesio Taping Techniques?   2009. Web. Knight, Jim. Benefits of Kinesio Taping for Your Body. 2010. Web.Adve rtising We will write a custom essay sample on Instruction Manual: How to Apply Kinesio Tape ® specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More OPTP. Kinesio Taping Method. 2007. Web. Roizman, Tracey. How to Apply Kinesio Tape. 2011. Web. This essay on Instruction Manual: How to Apply Kinesio Tape ® was written and submitted by user Johann Booker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Is International Trade a Zero Sum Game

Is International Trade a Zero Sum Game Introduction International trade has of recent increased rampantly due to free flow of information across the borders majorly enhanced by good communication. With the rapid development of technology, many businesses have been endowed with the power to interact with overseas producers and consumers of different type of goods and services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is International Trade a Zero Sum Game? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Benefits of international trade International trade has a number of benefits. First, many countries get the chance to acquire what they do not produce and sell what they have in surplus. Some countries also get the opportunity to buy products at cheap prices as compared to the cost of manufacturing the goods domestically (Bhagwati, 2004). This trade has majorly been supported by relaxations of some tight policies imposed by most countries. The late inclination in the strength of c ommunication through tools such as email address among others ensures business partners get in touch with each other in time. Delays caused by letters as for the ancient period is a history and no longer hold any logic. International trade also gains some benefits through its extension to the financial market (Fingerand Schuknecht, 1999). Financial market involves buying and selling of foreign currencies due to several reasons such as anticipation of the future rise in the value of the currency. The market also comprises investment in foreign market securities such as bonds and shares. A deep insight in the international trade reveals that some members have benefitted while others get hurt. Often, research reveals that developing nations have able to gain in terms of technology. The discrepancy that exists between developing nations and developed nations is quite wide and only international trade that can act as solution. Most of the technologies applied in the industrial sector by developing nations are acquired from developed nations (Bhagwati, 2004). These technologies are fundamental in production efficiency. This efficiency is what leads to high quality products. Technology has also helped to solve the time issue during production processes. With the launching of computers in developing nations, supervision and management of many businesses have been made easier.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, developed nations are able to outsource cheap labor from developing nations. They additionally get the chance to dispose their surplus products. This has further enhanced their production capacity in their countries. Foreigners are also availed with the chance to invest in other countries economy. This has seen several multinational companies increase their level of profits. Disadvantages of international trade Recent confirmat ions have pointed out a number of setbacks concerning the international trade. Both developed and developing nations accused bodies that control international trade including World Bank, International Monetary Fund and World Trade Organizations for the exploitation by some countries. This has led to several debates of whether a nation gains or losses after participating in the international trade. Some countries such as the U.S.A. perceive international trade as weighing more on the negative than on the positive side. As much as it was able to sell its industrial goods to most countries, recently, many countries especially from Europe began to import cheap products from Asian countries such as Japan and China. With the help of cheap labor and latest technology, these Asian countries are able to produce cheaply. As a result, they give stiff competition to their U.S.A. counterparts. This consequently leads to the reduction of the U.S.A. exports to other nations. Noticeably, this autom atically reduces the U.S.A gross national income. On the contrary, the imports from other nations seem to be rapidly increasing. The strength of the U.S.A. dollar favors importation of goods and services especially from developing countries; but on the other hand, importation seems to be superseding exportation levels. Logically, the country would be making less money from exportation to enable easy of exports purchasing. Many will term it as â€Å"many goods chasing few dollars†. In short, there is no balance on the ongoing economical activities. Commonly, this is referred to as imbalance of trade. Such country might fail to meet its national budget outlay or forced to borrow loans from the international bodies such as World Bank and International Monetary Fund. This means the country will be operating in deficits. Restriction rules by the GATT and WTO What happens when the world is in the face of financial crisis? Will a nation gain or lose if it restricts itself to the rul es outlined in the World Trade Organization? This has been a major challenge for about 153 partners of the multilateral trade system across the world. Free trade advocates free trade across the member countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is International Trade a Zero Sum Game? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The member countries should operate within the limits of import duty taxes and tariffs levels laid down by the international bodies. However, do they keep to these promises? Anyway, most countries seem to deviate from these regulations. They resolve to protect their economy and this include their markets and industries thereon. In the case of financial crisis that took place in 30s, 70s and early 80s a country resolving to protection measures was not an issue to be addressed at international level unlike today. This was because international trade was not as free as it is today. Today, other members are k een to watch other countries actions during such economical hard times. International trade and economic crisis International trade has been the greatest contributing factor to the economic crisis that we recently experienced in the beginning of the year 2007. In the approach of this crisis, several companies that had some foreign subsidiaries went under. Enron and WorldCom had open business units in other countries such as the Power Plant in India. Indeed, operations of these subsidiaries are always dependent on politics that sometimes turns out to favor foreign companies (Fingerand Schuknecht, 1999). The fall of these huge companies, have impacts on other nations considering that their subsidiaries will fail to operate. This means losses of jobs and shares. For instance, the collapse of Lehman Brothers Incorporation had subsequent effect to whole the U.S.A. economy and the world in general. Other companies that had investment with Lehman were due to go under. It was only in the s upport of government in which congress passed a bailout package of 750 billion dollars that saw the economy stabilize to some extent. Otherwise, ripples of the economic crisis could have been stronger. Nevertheless, this was the strongest crisis ever since. The international trade volume contracted across all nations as most firms failed to operate. Protectionism measures The consequence of economic crisis is severe to individual countries. This is the time when economy is operating below the normal economic growth level. A country is faced with low GDP. This means the nation is under-producing given the economical resources available (Sachs Warner, 1995). A number of factors lead to this: first, the inflation rates are high and so the prices of commodities are somewhat high.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, industries are not able to produce many products to the consumers. Given that production costs are high and consumers’ income is constant, consumers will tend to buy less especially the so-called luxurious goods. As matter of fact, consumers are unable to save due to high cost of living. This forces financial institutions to lend at high interest rates and as a consequent, this pulls down the level of investments in the economy leading to the dragging of economical performance. In the midst of such problem, governments always seek new measures to intervene in the economy for its recovery. This may force the government to raise taxes for imports into the country with an aim of protecting domestic industries from the stiff competition of foreign companies. Raising taxes would make imports more expensive as compared to domestic products and therefore consumers will shy away from the foreign products. A country may sometimes put anti-dumping policies which will discour age import of cheap products from other economies. For instance, India had banned Chinese toys into its country for some period. Subsidies on the other hand, help industries to manufacture products at a lower operation cost than in the absent of subsidies such as loans. More so, the government will aim to apply labor-related measures to protect employment. The U.S.A. government was forced to reduce the stimulus taxes for the companies that had moved overseas with a view of maintaining jobs for its citizen. Some States will prefer to devalue their currency to encourage their export to other countries. Korean did it by allowing a depreciation of its currency by 19% against the USD. The Government might also come up with other measures such as quotas majorly on tariffs and export taxes among others. All these measures focus on protecting the economy from the harsh economic crisis. Protectionism measures and international trade agreements These measures of individuals’ economic p rotection are always against the agreement made at the international trade meetings (Sachs Warner, 1995). The G20 for instance had agreed on import taxes levels permissible for all the members. However, some member countries went against it in the year 2009 due to some negative implications resulting from such policies. As far as a country want to gain from the international trade, it also needs to protect its economy from the negative side of the international trade. Comparison of benefits and setbacks realized from participating in international trade The above discussions specifically points out advantages as well as disadvantages realized from participating in the international trade. This brings us to the topic of this piece of whether international trade is a zero sum game. Indeed, it is! This is because a country benefits on one side and loses on the other. A country gains in form of specialization. Any country would specialize in producing goods and services it can well. Thi s ensures it produces on large scale and therefore gains from the economies of scale such as low production costs. The nation is also assured of the market for its surplus. Nevertheless, this country is able to buy products it does not produce domestically from foreign countries at lower price than it would if locally manufactured. This advantage is mostly tagged as comparative advantage. Additionally, a nation is able to acquire imports from other countries at a low cost due to low taxes imposed by the foreign countries on the member states. It also avails a country with the variety of goods and services offered across the world (Bhagwati, 2004). Most importantly, developing nations are able to acquire technology from the industrialized countries. Conversely, international trade also suffers from a number of drawbacks. It is perceived to be unproductive especially during economic crisis. The free trade might harm ones economy. For instance, consider a country facing high production costs and at the same time, it is being dumped with cheap imports. Most probably its’ domestic industries would collapse because of the failure to keep up with tough competition emanating from foreign competitors. This would mean loss of jobs and the general contraction of the economic growth. Other disadvantages include loss of one’s culture through interaction of these nations during the trade. Conclusion Generally, international trade has both advantages and disadvantages that end up cancelling each other leading to almost zero benefit realization. Therefore, protectionism measures would not help, as other nations would take retaliatory measures. This might include high taxes on its exports among others. Moreover, having closed economy would be dangerous as country cannot be self sufficient in providing resources to its citizen. References Bhagwati, J. (2004). In Defense of globalization. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Fingerand, K. Schuknecht, L. (1999).Tr ade, finance and financial crisis, special studies 3. Geneva: World trade Organization Publisher. Sachs, J. Warner, A. (1995). Economic reforms and the process of global integration. Brooking Paper on Economic Activity, 2, 1-118.